Easyjet and the Recession

Substance PAGE 1. †Introduction_________________________p. 3 2. †Application__________________________p. 4 2. 1. †Easy Jet profile__________________p. 4 2. 2. †PESTEL Analysis__________________p. 4 2. 3. †Porters Five Forces________________p. 5 2. 4. †SWOT__________________________p. 7 3. 0. †The Challenge_______________________p. 7 4. 0. †Recommendation____________________p. 8 5. 0. †References_________________________p. 8 1. †INTRODUCTIONAccording to Boddy (2008), the executives alludes to the way toward uniting people with the sole goal of accomplishing wanted targets, points and objective utilizing accessible assets adequately. Made out of a few fundamental precepts, this paper looks to build up the connection among the executives and the Competing Values Framework (CVF), and how the model can adequately be actualized and their persuasions in an association. Boddy settles that CVF is the most critical model utilized in assurance o f authoritative culture with a more profound spotlight on a worth dimension.These measurements incorporate the miniaturized scale accentuation and association structure, noteworthy factors in hierarchical administration. The executives includes five significant capacities to be specific arranging, sorting out, driving and controlling and co-appointment. All things considered, the compelling working of these significant fundamentals structures characters of the executives with a more prominent focus on long haul and momentary impacts. One key factor of the executives is arranging. Through arranging, the executives can make sure about and assign HR, monetary assets, mechanical assets just as normal assets to help the prevalent destinations (Stewart, 1963).On the other hand, sorting out necessitates that supervisors build up a structure of working connections to permit authoritative individuals to collaborate and participate to accomplish hierarchical objectives. Probably, driving requ ires administrators not exclusively to express a reasonable vision for authoritative individuals to follow yet in addition invigorate and empower hierarchical individuals to acknowledge and comprehend the part they play in accomplishing hierarchical objectives. Controlling involves the procedure of assessment of how well an association is accomplishing its objectives and making a move to keep up or improve performance.It depends on the way that dealing with an action successfully relies upon occasionally observing and assessment. Separate exercises unavoidably need co-appointment and control in case they neglect to accomplish what is anticipated from them (Knights and Wilmott, 1999). And still, at the end of the day, it calls for chiefs to comprehend and apply the Competing Values Framework which fundamentally enables them to value clashing qualities and incorporate them effectively, with the goal that their associations are available to coordinated effort and growth.Through the con tending esteems structure, they can regulate groups that move in the direction of inverse objectives and incorporating them at the opportune time, so each worth can be grown effectively. Consumes (2004) obviously showed the job the executives and found out that administration regularly includes working in an exceptionally divided manner. Chiefs assume relational jobs, where they fill in as authoritative figure heads, pioneers and contact. Additionally, they assume educational jobs whereby they fill in as instructive screens, disseminators of data and hierarchical spokespersons.In option, they assume decisional jobs where they are authoritative business people, handle disciplinary cases, asset allocators and are authoritative moderators (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2001). To viably assume these jobs, directors need the help of others and henceforth, they should not underestimate that help. This implies, they should get things done such that keeps up an adequate level of inward and outsid e help. 2. †APPLICATION 2. 1. †Easy Jet profile Easy Jet Airline Company is an incredible case of a nitty gritty carrier situated in London. Stelios Haji-Ioannou established the organization in 1995.The transporter duplicates the Texas based minimal effort bearer. It has decreased its toll to very nearly 33% the sums charged by State supported aircrafts like British Airways. The organization generally centers around direct selling as a key piece of controlling expense. It has the company’s URL painted on the two sides of the Jets in its trademark orange. Simple Jet puts together its thought with respect to the rule that the deciding element in air transport is value versatility. At first, carriers worked on the supposition that the quantity of travelers becomes in accordance with the economy and cutting of movement charges will result to decreased revenue.Easy Jet works on 125 courses from 39 European air terminals. Its primary air terminals are Luton, Liverpool, Ge neva, and Amsterdam and were working 72 airplanes by November 2003 (Easy Jet Airline Company). The company’s statement of purpose is to give clients a sheltered, great worth point-to-point air administrations. To guarantee predictable, solid item and passages, engaging recreation and business showcases on a scope of European Routes. Obviously, Easy Jet is in mass vehicle business. It centers around recreation and business explorers offering them point to point air transport with sheltered, great value.Easy Jet as at 30 September 2009 had a staff of 8,000 individuals all through Europe (Easy Jet Airline Company). 2. 2. †PESTEL Analysis PESTEL investigations are the variables that are probably going to affect the carrier business and they should be mulled over while figuring a working showcasing plan for Easy Jet. Political Factor Due to the war going on in Iraq, Afghanistan and the remainder of Middle East, the danger of aircraft assaults and air jacking is famous. This i s probably going to diminish the quantities of courses to the Middle East, consequently decreasing the evenue. The administration doesn't consider air mile an available advantage this may give Easy Jet a level ground to contend with the State supported aircraft like British Airways. The conceivable East development of European Union may give feasible new markets to the Easy Jet. The dynamic idea of the economy causes consistent value vacillation. This prompts increment in costs of fuel, which influences the net benefit of an organization, which consequently decreases the sum Easy Jet, can focus on corporate social obligation (Henry 2008). Financial FactorEasy Jet Airline is probably going to be influenced by expanding fuel costs, blockage, and other natural limitations, for example, commotion and air contamination. Moreover, there is a possibility of expanded security and protection expenses to mirror the hazard posted by fear based oppression. There is additionally downturn, which is probably going to keep going for a more drawn out time this will make business and relaxation voyagers mind their voyaging costs. More business rose for Easy Jet after the presentation of a solitary cash, which makes Europe, incorporated (David 2001).Technological Factor Improvement in innovation will affect Easy Jet. This mechanical progression is, for example, utilization of web on booking of tickets, publicizing, appropriation, and cost cooperative energies from industry combination (Henry 2008). The key issue to Easy Jet is whether these improved innovations are going to balance the upward weight on costs and expenses. For Easy Jet to increase upper hand they need to stay informed concerning the headway in the field of internet business and airplane manufacture.Improvement in innovation progressively becomes less expensive diminishing boundaries to section for contenders to join. This may result to a decreased degree of benefits for the Easy Jet. To counter this, innovative w ork use goes about as a check to deflect potential participants into the business sectors, this give Easy Jet an increasingly upper hand over their adversaries in the aircraft business (David 2001). Social Factor Easy Jet qualities the wellbeing of their clients, carrier, and its staff. This statement of purpose rouses and draws in travelers to fly again after affirmation of protected and secure flights.Easy Jet must be overwhelming web subordinate for booking and checking of flights. In this way, to fulfill clients, brisk and simple assistance technique should be received. Simple Jet looks after high, profession norms, which lead to staffs to submit themselves on a magnificent standard assistance (Henry 2008). 2. 3. †Porters Five Forces To show signs of improvement examination of the carrier business, there is a need to utilize porter’s five powers. The ideas decide the serious force and engaging quality of organization to make due in a given market.The Threat of Substi tute There is negligible rivalry from other elective methods for transport. The expense and time preferred position of airplanes exceeds the solace of vehicles and train. Simple Jet has incompletely tended to this issue by giving minimal effort flight that has seen an expansion in client since it is first and advantageous. Albeit, different methods might be modest however delays brought about by breakdown and traffic causes clients to pick to go on air (Porter 2008). The Threat of New Entrants Threats of new contestants are limited by high capital requirements.Easy Jet began a credit of 5 million Euros and had two airplanes. The speculation required an underlying entirety of 50 Euros, which it raised to accelerate extension plan through obligations. The organization has bought different carriers through procurement and has caused it to have an upper hand over different players in the market. Simple Jet must know about new passages that accompany new improve methods of working togeth er and motivating forces that will pull in clients. The organization ought to have techniques that will see it make due in this industry (David 2001).The Power of Suppliers Easy Jet Company has less capacity to adjust the costs of fuel as costs of fuel relate legitimately to cost of fuel. Simple Jet works a solitary kind of airplane as of not long ago. This reliance on one production could represent a genuine danger later on (David 2001). The development and the acquisitions the organization has made the b

Double standard for sexual relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Twofold standard for sexual relations - Essay Example A young lady with the equivalent sexual experience will without a doubt become subject to mocking and lack of regard. Folks will exploit her, utilization her, and attempt to get her to bed. She will make some hard memories having sweethearts as she will without a doubt be kept away from and loathed out of sicken. She will without a doubt become the discussion of the school and will be named as a skank. The stud-whore framework is nevertheless one of the different signs of sexual twofold standard in the general public where we live. Men are not absolved from the bad form of twofold measures. Having companions from the other gender during a relationship is additionally dependent upon the sexuality of who's warming up to whom. Young ladies will consistently will in general legitimize their associations with different folks since they are known to be consistently in charge of their feelings and are ready to isolate beaus from sweethearts. The circumstance is significantly increasingly extraordinary when folks are concerned. A man who has a dear companion while in a relationship is constantly gone up against and blamed for shameful things particularly unfaithfulness. He may even be charged for keeping that extraordinary companion in the midst of dejection. With these encounters, it is obvious that twofold standard has become a harsh unavoidable truth. It is something which I have to live with. In any case, I am absolutely against sexual twofold guidelines. ... Twofold standard significantly disregards one fundamental of equity known as unbiasedness the rule that same gauges be applied to all individuals, regardless of abstract predisposition or bias. I accept that the presence of twofold standard unmistakably infers the toleration of separation, injustice, disparity, and partiality. Subsequently, so as to advance equity in the general public, twofold standard ought to be disposed of. I firmly bolster that people ought to have a reasonable playing field where every one gets equivalent response and acknowledgment of what they do and not of what they are. The boundless twofold standard in our general public is justified by different defenses. Most people have just underestimated the presence of twofold standard for conceded contending that sexual twofold standard is regular and that is the manner in which things ought to be. Society has promptly acknowledged that a few things are normally men's things while some are women's. A genuine case of this is the boundless recognition that men are polygamous, permitting them to rest around regardless of whether they are seeing someone ladies are relied upon to be dedicated to their individual spouses. In any case, seeing that the presence of twofold standard as common is additionally another method of tolerating that preference and bad form are regular wonders. The above delineations of twofold standard underlines the way that twofold standard endures mischief of one sexual orientation utilizing human instinct as a concealment. In our general public, betrayal is seen to be adequate just when submitted by the male populace. The contention here is that, misconduct ought to be completely denounced and destroyed as it destructs and imperils the profound quality of the entire network. I am loaded up with appall simply contemplating the quantity of families being broken by

Challenges of the Fire Department.

Todays fire administration faces various difficulties, perhaps the greatest test that undermined our reality is the disappearing of open help. Since the decrease in our economy, numerous government officials have made firemen their foe and assaulted the fire administration. As of late, local group of fire-fighters compensation have been accused for our municipality’s desperate monetary condition. A lion's share of general society has observed these assaults and has taken the side of the legislators. Through our activities, we should make a solid effort to recapture the publics regard and trust. Without the publics bolster the local group of fire-fighters would not exist.Throughout our countries history the fire administration has been held in high regard and all around regarded. It has taken ages to set up this notoriety and now it is presently dependent upon us to convey and expand upon this establishment. Most of firemen work superbly here and there obligation however it is the misguided thinking of a couple of people that ruin and stain our organization’s notoriety. Just over the most recent couple of years, there have been various charges against firemen that incorporate; murder, DUI, requesting prostitution and stupendous larceny.All these charges are from inside the Las Vegas Valley and don't make reference to the charges looked by our siblings and sisters the country over. These accuses coupled of political assaults have brought about dissolving the connection between the fire administration and the overall population. It is up to our age of firemen to prevail upon our residents and recover their trust. We should do this by playing out our obligations with the outmost demonstrable skill and client care as a main priority. Everything starts with our appearance. Regardless of whether we remember it or not, we are judged by our activities as well as by our appearance.Our regalia and lead must mirror the polished methodology that is normal from the local group of fire-fighters. Our gear should likewise be all around kept up and sorted out. We should show pride and deal with the hardware conceded to us by the general population. During crisis calls we should show sympathy and seeing regardless of whether by our definition the call doesn't warrant a crisis reaction. We are in the matter of serving general society and we should show our citizen’s that we are here for them and are eager to react and alleviate their crisis paying little mind to the hour of day.Once a crisis is moderated, it ought to be our objective to have our citizen’s totally fulfilled and be surprised to level of care gave by their local group of fire-fighters. We ought not leave the scene until our clients needs have been totally met. I comprehend and have reacted to calls where individuals are not exactly cordial, however we should likewise treat these clients with a similar degree of demonstrable skill and regard. Our calling places us und er the examination of the public’s eye and we should not disregard the various observers that are consistently on scene.With the ubiquity of mobile phones and cameras our every word and activities could without much of a stretch be recorded and posted on interpersonal organization locales. We have all profited by the difficult work and devotion of past firemen. We can't underestimate their exertion and we should make a solid effort to reconstruct our open picture. We should police and hold ourselves to a better quality. Our direct here and there obligation must mirror that of an expert on the off chance that we need our inheritance to proceed and be passed forward.

Maria Full of Grace and De Nadie Immigration in Terms of Shots and Angles

Springtime Quest: Filing An Income Tax Essay, Research Paper The Springtime Quest: Filing an Income Tax Return Springtime is a time of metempsychosis of nature, the guarantee of warmer conditions, and an imprint that a within reach cutoff time to enroll my salary income improvement study is at manus. Truly, once again I will swim through heaps of desk work, uncover the # 8220 ; of import records # 8221 ; document, and go through hours unraveling specialists slang that is worded in such a way, that anybody with a secondary school guidance could get it, in any event that # 8217 ; s what they guarantee. In this way, with anxious vitality, I ascend to the point and try to stifle the one-year interest and set out to settle the creature for another twelvemonth. My first end on the interest is to the nearby library. The library is a dispersion focal point of income upgrade signifiers. Upon turn uping the demonstration of signifiers, I am overpowered by the sheer figure of various signifiers. We will compose a custom exposition test on Springtime Quest Filing An Income Tax Essay or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As I hold battled this contention previously, I realize that I should take at any rate one of each signifier or I will happen myself returning to the library to secure the signifier that I should hold got on the principal trip. Paradise restrict that they come up short on the signifier that I need! When I have my paper accumulated riches in manus, I withdraw to complete the second leg of my excursion. At place, I dust off the file organizer and void the shortss that contain my of import individual archives that will be expected to enroll the pay income improvement study. The reached out of import paper stock rundown comprises of clinical grosss, records of contribution paid, and litera lly some other kind of record that may or may non be a factor in the income upgrade documenting. Before, I have lost receipts simply to happen that the grosss were basic in completing the income upgrade study. I currently own an expansive four-cabinet file organizer for of import archives. My following end in the income improvement documenting technique is to set up cantonment at the lounge area even cluster. My preparative advances incorporate a honed pencil, a few erasers, a reckoner, and a solid mug of java. I spread the pile of administrative work out before me also, turn up the heading book for enrolling an individual pay income improvement return. Presently comes the troublesome part. Make I go long signifier or short signifier? There is only one way to occur out which technique to enlist, finish both sorts of signifiers. Long into the dim, I work over the specialists slang and referencing, that I am sure is planned to frustrate the mean insight. After numerous long periods of focussed vitality, I complete what's more, look at the two techniques for documenting. The 1 that nets me the most return or causes the least total of misfortune is marked and stuck via the post office. I understand that pay income upgrade bolsters numerous advantageous plans and I appreciate a considerable lot of the advantages that are supported by income upgrades. Yet, I can # 8217 ; t help yet accept that the specialists, in their endeavor to cover all the points, built up an income upgrade recording framework that is threatening furthermore, lumbering. There must be a superior way. My answer for the activity is straightforward, after twelvemonth I am heading out to pay an expert income upgrade administration to fix my salary income improvement return.

Symbolism and Imagery in Sonny’s Blues’ to Bring out Empathy - 1375 Words

Symbolism and Imagery in Sonny’s Blues’ to Bring out Empathy (Essay Sample) Content: The use of Symbolism and Imagery in Sonnys Blues to Bring out Empathy and understandingName:Institution:Apart from his other novels like Go tell it on the Mountain, and a collection of essays, it is this short story-Sonny Blues- that James Baldwin writing agility is best matched. Notably, his ability to bring out black identity and masculinity in the American literary culture. In this book, Baldwin discovers the likeliness of artistic worth growing from the use of drug then goes ahead to unearth the social and challengers it stimulates. This essay, therefore, is going to analyze how imagery and symbolism are used by the author in his book to explain empathy and understanding.The story begins with the unnamed narrator riding the subway to school, reads a disturbing piece. The narrators fears and anxiety about the fate of his brother continue to grow as he exits the subway and approaches school. The narrator, an Algebra teacher, tries to come to terms with Sonnys heroi n addiction. The aspect of his brother being heroin addict is warmly connected with his disrupted adolescence in Harlem and his jazz music career. His needs to understand his brother Sonny is further affected by personal challenges, for example, his younger daughters demise, the mocking and cruel laughter of her students, and the encounter with Sonnys friends who remind him about his imprisonment and their relentless demand for money wherever they meet him. Being unable to overcome his loss makes him realize the unpredictable needs and sorrows responses of his brother through music and drug addiction. Sonnys experience manifestation resonates many features of the piece, signifying liberating integrity.The sudden demise of a toddler, called Grace, symbolizes Sonnys ability to come to terms with the loss of grace. Also, through the death of Grace, her father was able to empathize with and understand the aches and emptiness others face. Literally speaking, Sonny, metaphorically referre d to as the lost child, is likely to recapture or regain his lost stature through music. The connotation that his name bares, his structural and thematic positioning in connection to Grace, the state of grace, the child, and his socially marginal sufferer s occupation and object of redemption, Sonny is given a Christ-like personality.The narrator recalls their childhood personal lives. He categorically describes how loving, terrible, and alcohol addiction their father was. He went further to explain a broken relationship between Sonny and his father given their similarity characters of being private. He reminisces how the adults would brave the dusk and narrates how much they had suffered. They were scared and ambiguously understood they would be the one to bear the suffering at some point in time.The narrator also remembers his mother telling him at his fathers funeral to be his brothers keeper when she spoke to him about Sonny. The conversation between him and his mother shows cle arly how his mother empathizes with Sonnys condition. His mother starts by giving a story of her husbands brother who was run on and killed by a drunken white man in a night out. The car incident caused a permanent trauma to the narrators father who watched the scene by the roadside. The point is, she reminds him of the need to promise to keep looking after Sonny because the world has not changed.Surprisingly, the narrator overlooked the vow till his mothers demise, when he returns from long absence to see Sonny. The narrator poor listening skills are seen when Sonnys efforts to explain his passion for music fell on deaf ears, reasoning his brother is above jazz music. His listening skills are similarly put to the test when Sonny desperately explains his decision to leave Harlem and join him in the military. The insistence that Sonny should continue living with Isabel, his then- Fiance, and her family portray the narrator as a person who lacks empathy and understanding about other p eople. He overlooked that Sonny was a grown-up person able to chat his path. This was evident when he explained his passion for jazz music.Sonnys independence is seen after he agrees to move in Isabels parents home. He plays strange music on the piano regularly, thus bringing tension in the home. Besides, they knew how important the piano was to Sonny, so could not dare interrupt his playing time. Ultimately, there was a letter of absenteeism from Sonnys school. Isabels mother got the letter that explains Sonny was not attending classes. When confronted he accepts he spends most of his time Greenwich Village with other instrumentalists. There ensure an argument that made Sonny realize how important his music was to him, Sonny realizes how a bother he had become to the family. At that point, he took his luggage, records and left. Soon after things cool down Sonny and the narrator met again. Being his brother, he visits Sonnys Greenwich Village residence, and they fight. This shows th at the narrator neither empathize nor understands Sonnys nonconformist way of life.It is apparent in this text that Sonnys childhood sets the pace for his old age. Notwithstanding, he is suitably understood as he grows old, he is a character that is very difficult to master. For example, he succeeds in his abstinence. However, his behaviors confirm his once addiction. Although his musical prowess, tied with the common intuition, is liberating, the transformative space in which the musicality is played is inaccessible. He is mainly troublesome and subtly provocative, but not harsh. His adolescent stage took toll of his adult life and foreshadowed his drug habit.The narrator captures the death of his daughter from polio: one afternoon, she fainted choking. Being present by her side at the time of death, Isabel is got permanent trauma. The storyteller went through elaborate suffering he never had. The experience gives him a clear picture of his brothers trial thus making him understan d Sonnys fate. He would follow with a letter as proof. It is two weeks since Sonnys stay with his brother. He considers ransacking his little brothers room, seemingly for medicine paraphernalia; however, a street revival happening outside disrupts him. There he sees three women and a man sing and testifies. The tone of one of the women is empathetically giving a short amnesty from the pain that befalls them. He could spot Sonny in the mass.Sonny awakes to the room, applauding the beautiful voices, and the melodious tunes. He after that ask the storyteller enjoys artistic themes he plays. Recognizing the significance of the invite, the narrator accepts and join him.What follows is a visit to a nightclub by Sonny and his brother where he is set to perform. Sonny is a darling of everyone at the club, and they accord him a lot of respect. He introduces his band to his brother. A fiddle player called Creole, could not hide his admiration and delight about Sonnys kind support. The relater sat in one of the dark corners at the back ready to see his brother churn out instruments.The band walks majestically to the bandstand as the spotlight shines on them. Creole introduces Sonny to his baby (the piano). They begin to play the music. Creole is the lead vocalist, directing his fellow band members, giving Sonny time to get his rhythms right. He is nervous in the first set but gains his composer in the second set. His artistic display of the instruments makes the storyteller, for the first time, understand his suffering. However, the w...

Business Essays - International Trade Law - Free Essay Example

International Trade Law International Trade Law for Business (a) In looking to critically discuss the view à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the bill of lading is the essential document in the international contract of sale has no other document performs the functions of the bill of ladingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the bill of lading is considered the most important document because it is recognised by law as the symbol of the goods described in it to guard against the risk of non-delivery by the ship-owner, the CIF (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cost, insurance, freightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢) contract requires the seller to take out a policy of marine insurance on which the buyer may sue. This is because, between the seller of the goods and the buyer of exchange, the delivery of the bill of lading is by way of pledge, and the security of the buyer of exchange is, until acceptance by the buyer on delivery to them of the documents, the liability of the seller as drawer of the bill of exchange with the bill of lading as collateral security. As a result, a person who holds both the bil l of lading and a marine insurance policy on the goods is, for business purposes, in as good a position as if the goods were actually in their possession, subject only to the ship ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lien Therefore, the delivery to the buyer of a bill of lading and an insurance policy on the goods together with the invoice which identifies them is treated both commercially and legally as satisfying the contractual obligations of the seller under a CIF contract. However, the invoice, that normally debits the buyer with the agreed price is required partly to identify the goods sold with the goods shipped and insured to complete the record of the transaction and to show the price of the goods and to enable the buyer to raise money on their security more easily. This is because, in some trades, it is common for the price of the goods itself to vary with movements in the market according to an agreed formula à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" e.g. the Plattà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s formula used in the oil trade. On this basis, there are a number of requirements for the acceptable tender of a bill of lading because it is the duty of the seller to procure a contract of carriage is satisfied if they procure a contract of carriage which conforms with any stipulations agreed in the contract of sale and which is otherwise reasonable and acceptable in the trade at the time when it is made. Therefore, this duty has been examined in the courts in the context of a num ber of requirements. First, in the absence of a stipulation or custom in the particular trade to the contrary, the contract of carriage must be one which will give the holder a right of action against the carrier in respect of the goods from the time of shipment until arrival at destination. However, there appears to be no authority as to whether the seller is, in the absence of any express term to this effect in the contract of sale, under a duty to tender a bill which clearly identifies the carrier, although it is clear that the buyer may well have an interest in the identity of the carrier on whom the care of goods at buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s risk depends. Therefore, as to whom the buyer can sue on the contract of carriage contained in the bill of lading tendered by the seller will depend largely on the manner in which the bill of lading is signed. Nevertheless, it is also a requirement of an acceptable tender of a bill of lading the document tendered must be a bill of ladi ng in transferable form to allow the buyer to transfer the right to claim delivery of the goods from the carrier through transfer of the bill. Moreover, the bill of lading must cover only the goods which are the subject matter of the contract of sale, but in the absence of an express term in the contract of sale stipulating for the tender of more than one bill of lading, the seller is both entitled and bound to tender one bill of lading, at any rate when the goods sold are all of the same type. Furthermore, the bill of lading must be a clean bill free from any annotation or clause qualifying the statement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shipped in good order and conditionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Also, as to whether or not a bill of lading stating that the goods have been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"received for shipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and issued before the goods are placed on board by the carrier who is to carry them is a bill of lading within the requirements of a CIF contract is still a matter of some doubt. As well as this, as to whether or not a bill of lading stating the carrier can deviate from the voyage stipulated for in the contract of carriage is also still doubtful. Furthermore, as to whether or not a clause in the bill of lading stating that the goods will or may be transshipped is valid will depend on the terms of the contract and arguably whether or not the bill of lading imposes liability on the contractual carrier from the port of loading to the port of discharge under the contract of carriage. Finally, a bill of lading stating that freight has yet to be paid at destination (a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"freight collectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ bills of lading) constitutes good tender so long as the contract of sale does not prohibit tender of such a document and the sum of the freight payable at destination is deducted from the commercial invoice. However, the bill of lading must not only comply with the requirements set out above but it must also accurately evidence the contract of carriage because the buyer is not obliged to investigate, or to accept assurances about, the contract of carriage outside the bill of lading. Moreover, the buyer is also not obliged to accept a bill varied after issue, or, it seems, one altered before issue other than to correct a minor clerical error. This is because the bill of lading must be procured on shipment that is to say as soon as is reasonably possible after the goods have been delivered to the carrier for carriage to the agreed destination. Therefore, it is to be understood no other document, for example a delivery order, a non-transferable bill of lading or a sea waybill or a ships release, will, in the absence of special provision or custom, amount to a good tender under the contract. Moreover, a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"received for shipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ bill of lading is also of some interest because it states goods have been received by the carrier for shipment on board, but does not state the goods have actually been shipped on board, since it is a matter of some doubt whether such a bill of lading can be tendered by a CIF seller. This is because such tender is valid if sanctioned by the agreement of the parties or by usage of the particular trade and, where the contract expressly prohibits the tender of such a document, the seller is bound to tender a bill of lading stating that the goods have been shipped on board. But, in cases where the contract of sale is silent as to the tender of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"received for shipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ bills, it is not yet clear whether the seller is entitled to tender such a document. This is because, save for a trade custom to the contrary, the seller is bound to tender a bill of lading in transferable form and, given that a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"received for shipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ bill of lading has been held not to be transferable, given the common currency of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"received for shipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ bills of lading in internationa l trade, and, given that such bills of lading are now arguably recognised as transferring to the buyer rights of suit against the carrier under a contract of carriage, such bills of lading constitute good tender under CIF contracts which do not prohibit such tender Furthermore, where a CIF buyer with rights of suit against the carrier transferred to them by the seller through the operation of the Carriage of Goods Act 1992 suffers loss as a result of the deviation by the carrier from the voyage agreed in the contract of carriage between the buyer and the carrier, the buyer may pursue any remedies against the carrier afforded by that contract. But it is doubtful whether a buyer can reject a bill of lading against the seller simply because it seeks to give the carrier a liberty to deviate. Nevertheless, where the contract of sale stipulates shipment must be direct, it would seem a buyer can reject a bill of lading containing a liberty to deviate clause. Also, where the contra ct of sale fails to stipulate as much, or where it expressly envisages shipment may be direct or indirect, the buyer can reject a bill of lading granting the carrier a liberty to deviate where the extent of the liberty is uncertain because the clause itself is not printed on the bill. Moreover, where the extent of the liberty is certain and wide, it has been said that the buyer can reject the bill of lading Therefore, given the currency of wide liberty to deviate clauses in bills of lading and given the protection afforded to the buyer by the rules regulating the contract for the carriage of goods by sea, it would seem, however, equally arguable a buyer could not reject a bill of lading In conclusion, in looking to critically discuss the view that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the bill of lading is the essential document in the international contract of sale has no other document performs the functions of the bill of ladingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , despite some discrepancies evidenced in this discus sion, the bill of lading is the most important document because the symbol of the goods described in it to guard against the risk of non-delivery by the ship-owner. This is because, between the seller of the goods and the buyer of exchange, the delivery of the bill of lading is by way of pledge, and the security of the buyer of exchange is, until acceptance by the buyer on delivery to them of the documents, the liability of the seller as drawer of the bill of exchange with the bill of lading as collateral security. Therefore, someone holding both the bill of lading and a marine insurance policy on the goods is, for business purposes, in as good a position as if the goods were actually in their possession so the delivery to the buyer of a bill of lading and an insurance policy on the goods together with the invoice which identifies them is treated both commercially and legally as satisfying the contractual obligations of the seller under a CIF contract. (b) In looking to adv ise the carrier with regard to any liability owed to Najeeb to begin with it must be recognised that under a CIF contract the duty of the seller is actually accomplished when the goods described in the contract of sale are put on board a ship bound for the destination specified in the contract or through the purchase of such goods already afloat. Accordingly, the contract is, in a commercial sense, an agreement for the sale of goods to be performed by delivery of documents or a sale of documents representing goods, the seller having obligations in law regarding both the goods and the documents covering them. This means that it is generally understood that the property in the goods (i.e. the 500 bags of flour) will commonly pass when the documents which represent the goods are tendered in exchange for the price. However, the carrier must be advised that if, in accordance with the general principle, property may, if the contract shows such an intention, pass at some different stage , as on shipment or on consignment of the documents to the buyer, then the contractual link between the buyer (Najeeb) and the ship-owner, arises out of the contract of carriage. This is because the contract is an agreement for the sale of goods to be performed by delivery of documents, or a sale of documents representing goods, with the seller having obligations in law regarding both the goods and the documents covering them Accordingly, this is in keeping with the fact that an agreement for the carriage by sea of a cargo or for the use of a ship for a voyage or series of voyages or for a specified time is normally contained in or evidenced by a bill of lading On this basis, it must be recognised that the carrier needs to be advised the bill of lading is considered the most important document in this kind of contract. This is because of the fact that it is recognised by law as the symbol of the goods described in it to guard against the risk of non-delivery by the ship-owner, the CIF (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cost, insurance, freightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢) contract requires the seller to take out a policy of marine insurance on which the buyer may sue. Therefore, where goods for which a bill of lading has been signed have been shipped, the property in the goods may, so long as the voyage continues, be transferred by a transfer of the bill of lading, made according to its tenor, and with the intention of passing the property in the goods However, the transfer may be made with the intention of passing the property conditionally, or for a specific purpose only, and not for the purpose of passing the property outright in the goods, as where the bill of lading is transmitted with a bill of exchange drawn on the buyer. This means the carrier needs to be advised that the voyage is deemed to continue so long as the goods are in the custody of the master of the vessel, or of some person on his behalf and until possession of the goods has been taken by or on behalf of th e person entitled to demand it. The carrier also needs to be advised that this is in keeping with the fact there are a number of requirements for the acceptable tender of a bill of lading. This is because of the fact that it is the duty of the seller to procure a contract of carriage is satisfied if they procure a contract of carriage which conforms to any stipulations agreed in the contract of sale and which is otherwise reasonable and acceptable in the trade. Therefore, the carrier must be advised that, in the absence of a stipulation or custom in the particular trade to the contrary, the contract must give the holder a right of action against the carrier in respect of the goods from shipment until they arrive at their destination But as to whom the buyer can sue on the contract of carriage contained in the bill of lading tendered by the seller will depend largely on the manner in which the bill of lading is signed. Moreover, whilst the document tendered must be a bill of lading in transferable form to allow the buyer to transfer the right to claim delivery of the goods from the carrier through transfer of the bill, the bill of lading must only cover the goods subject to the contract of sale. Nevertheless, with particular reference to the facts of this case, the carrier must be advised that the bill of lading must be a clean bill free from any annotation or clause qualifying the statement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shipped in good order and conditionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Also, as to whether or not a bill of lading stating that the goods have been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"received for shipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and issued before the goods are placed on board by the carrier who is to carry them is a bill of lading within the requirements of a CIF contract is still a matter of some doubt. But the bill of lading must not only comply with the requirements set out above but it must also accurately evidence the contract of carriage because the buyer is not obliged to invest igate, or to accept assurances about, the contract of carriage outside the bill of lading. Moreover, the buyer is also not obliged to accept a bill varied after issue or one altered before issue other than to correct a minor clerical error because the bill of lading must be procured on shipment. Accordingly, the carrier needs to be advised that the fact that Jac offered the carrier an indemnity if a clean bill of lading was issued meant that between the seller of the goods and the buyer of exchange, the delivery of the bill of lading is by way of pledge, and the security of the buyer of exchange is, until acceptance by the buyer on delivery to them of the documents, the liability of the seller as drawer of the bill of exchange with the bill of lading as collateral security. Therefore, whilst the words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shipped in good order and conditionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ do not import a warranty, they do amount to a representation of fact the goods were shipped in apparent good order and condition. This means that if an indorsee changes their position on the faith of this representation and afterwards sues the ship-owner for delivering the goods in bad condition, the shipowner (at any rate where they were not induced to make the statement by fraud) will be estopped from denying that the goods were shipped in apparent good order and condition in keeping with the 50 damp bags and 100 bags which contained tiny holes and some of the sugar had escaped through the holes during the journey that should have been recognised when the sugar was being loaded. Nevertheless, the carrier must still be advised that estoppel will be available to the indorsee or holder only if they have changed their position on the faith of the representation and the fact that the indorsee has taken up and pays for the bill of lading and other shipping documents under a CIF contract is prima facie evidence that they changed their position on the faith of the representation in the bill o f lading. Moreover, it must also be shown in looking to advise the carrier that those relying on the estoppel satisfied the court that the defect in question was one which would have been apparent to the shipowner on reasonable examination and the statement upon which the alleged estoppel is founded must be clear and unqualified, otherwise the whole case of estoppel against them fails. Furthermore, the carrier also needs to be advised that if, however, the contract of sale precludes the indorsee from rejecting the shipment, although giving them a right to claim damages for the defects in the goods, they will not have changed their position by taking up the documents. But it must also be recognised that the carrier also needs to be advised that where the Hague-Visby Rules apply, by virtue of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971, and the receiver is taking advantage of the estoppel in the Hague-Visby Rules at Article III, rule 4, there is no need for them to prove that they relied upon the statement. Nevertheless, the ship-owner will not be estopped from proving that the internal condition of the goods was bad so as to rot the bags in this case. Moreover, in any contract for the carriage of goods by sea to which the Hague-Visby Rules apply, by virtue of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971, neither the carrier nor the ship is responsible for loss or damage arising or resulting from insufficiency of packing. However, by way of conclusion, it must be recognised that in the case of contracts for the carriage of goods by sea, to which the Hague Rules or the Hague-Visby Rules apply, the carrier also needs to be advised that the carrier and the ship are discharged from all liability whatsoever in respect of the goodsregarding loss or damage unless à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"suità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is brought within one year after delivery of the goods or the date when the goods should have been delivered. But the suit may be brought in any competent jurisdictio n, not necessarily in the jurisdiction where the matter is ultimately decided; and the suit must be brought in the name of a party who has title to sue(under an agreement known as the Gold Clause Agreement, entered into between British shipowners and underwriters). Nevertheless, the carrier also needs to be advised that the one-year period may be extended if the parties so agree after the cause of action has arisen, so that it may be argued that the carrier may even have had a role in determining whether they are liable. Bibliography à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Halsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s of Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Butterworths (2007) Table of Cases Albacruz (Owners) v. Albazero (Owners), The Albazero [1974] 2 All ER 906; affd [1975] 3 All ER 21, CA; revsd [1977] AC 774, HL American Hoesch Inc Riblet Products Inc v. SS Aubade etc Maritime Commercial Corpn Inc [1971] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 423 Amis, Swain Co v. Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (1919) 1 Ll L Rep 51 Arnhold Karberg Co v. Blythe, Green, Jourdain Co [1916] 1 KB 495, CA Arnold Otto Meyer NV v. Aune [1939] 3 All ER 168 Bangladesh Export Import Co Ltd v. Sucden Kerry SA [1995] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 1 Barclays Bank Ltd v Customs Excise Comrs [1963] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 81 Bateman v. Green King (1867) IR 2 CL 166 Bergerco USA v. Vegoil Ltd [1984] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 440 Burdick v. Sewell (1884) 13 QBD 159, CA Burstall Co v. Grimsdale Sons (1906) 11 Com Cas 280 Canada Dominion Sugar Co Ltd v. Canadian National (West Indies) Steamships Ltd [1947] AC 46, PC Cargill International SA v. Bangladesh Sugar Food Industries Corpn [1996] 4 All ER 563 Cargill International SA v. CPN Tankers (Bermuda) Ltd, The Ot Sonja [1993] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 435, CA Colin Shields v. W Weddel Co Ltd [1952] 2 All ER 337, CA Compania Colombiana de Seguros v. Pacific Steam Navigation Co [1965] 1 QB 101 Compania Naviera Vasconzada v. Churchill Sim [1906] 1 KB 237 Comptoir dAchat et de Vente du Boerenbond Belge SA v. Luis de Ridder Lda, The Julia [1949] AC 293 Connolly Shaw Ltd v. A/S Det Nordenfjeldske D/S (1934) 49 Ll L Rep 183 Continental Fertilizer Co Ltd v. Pionier Shipping CV, The Pionier [1995] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 223 Cremer v. General Carriers SA [1974] 1 All ER 1 Cummins Sales Service Inc v. Institute of London Underwriters Deutsche Dampfschiffahrt Gesellschaft Hansa, The Goldenfels [1974] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 292 (US 5th Cir) DI Henry Ltd v. Clasen [1973] 1 Lloyds Rep 159, CA Diamond Alkali Export Corpn v. Fl Bourgeois [1921] 3 KB 443 Finska Cellulosaforeningen v. Westfield Paper Co Ltd [1940] 4 All ER 473 Foreman Ellams Ltd v. Blackburn [1928] 2 KB 60 Fort Sterling Ltd v. South Atlantic Cargo Shipping NV, The Finnrose [1994] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 559 Glynn v. Margetson Co [1893] AC 351, HL Goulandris Bros Ltd v. B Goldman Sons Ltd [1958] 1 QB 74 Hansson v Hamel Horley Ltd [1922] 2 AC 36, HL Hindley Co Ltd v. East Indian Produce Co Ltd [1973] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 515 Hispanica de Petroleos SA Cia Iberica Refinadera de Petroleos SA v. Vencedora Oceanica Navegacion SA, The Kapetan Markos NL [1986] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 211, CA Houlder Bros Co Ltd v. Public Works Comr [1908] AC 276, PC Interbulk Ltd v. Ponte Dei Sospiri Shipping Co, The Standard Ardour [1988] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 159 James Finlay Co Ltd v. Kwik Hoo Tong Handel Maatschappij NV [1928] 2 KB 604; affd [1929] 1 KB 400, CA Kum v. Wah Tat Bank Ltd [1971] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 439, PC Landauer Co v. Craven Speeding Bros [1912] 2 KB 94 Love Stewart Ltd v. Rowtor Steamship Co Ltd [1916] 2 AC 527, HL M Golodetz Co Inc v. Czarnikow-Rionda Co Inc, The Galatia [1980] 1 WLR 495, CA MacWilliam Co Inc v. Mediterranean Shipping Co SA, The Rafaela S [2003] 3 All ER 369 Martineaus Ltd v. Royal Mail Steam Packet Co Ltd (1912) 12 Asp MLC 190 MB Pyramid Sound NV v. Briese Schiffahrts GmbH Co KGMS Sina Latvian Shipping Association Ltd, The Ines [1993] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 492 Mediterranean Freight Services Ltd v. BP Oil International Ltd, The Fiona [1994] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 506, CA Mendala III Transport v Total Transport Corpn, Total International Ltd Addax Ltd, The Wilomi Tanana [1993] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 41 National Petroleum Co v. Athelviscoun t (Owners) (1934) 48 Ll L Rep 164 Norsk Bjergningskompagni A/S v. Pantanassa (Owners), The Pantanassa [1970] 1 All ER 848 Official Assignee of Madras v. Mercantile Bank of India Ltd [1935] AC 53, PC Oulu Osakayetio v. Arnold Laver Co [1940] 1 KB 750, CA President of India v. Metcalfe Shipping Co Ltd, The Dunelmia [1970] 1 QB 289, CA Re Denbigh, Cowan Co R Atcherley Co (1921) 90 LJKB 836, CA Re Keighley, Maxted Co Bryan, Durant Co (No 2) (1894) 70 LT 155 Re Salomon Co Naudszus (1899) 81 LT 325. Republic of India v. India Steamship Co Ltd (No 2) [1998] AC 878, HL Sewell v. Burdick (1884) 10 App Cas 74, HL Shipton, Anderson Co v. John Weston Co (1922) 10 Ll L Rep 762 SIAT di dal Ferro v. Tradax Overseas SA [1980] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 53, CA Silver v. Ocean SS Co Ltd [1930] 1 KB 416, CA Soon Hua Seng Co Ltd v. Glencore Grain Ltd [1996] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 398 Soproma SpA v. Marine Animal By-Products Corpn [1966] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 367 Spillers Ltd v. JW Mitchell Ltd (1929) 33 Ll L Rep 89 Sterns Ltd v. Vickers Ltd [1923] 1 KB 78, CA Suzuki Co v. Burgett Newsam (1922) 10 Ll L Rep 223, CA The Merak [1965] 1 All ER 230, CA The Nordglimt [1987] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 470 The Orteric [1920] AC 724, PC The Prinz Adalbert [1917] AC 586, PC The Skarp [1935] P 134 Thyssen Inc v. Calypso Shipping Corpn SA [2000] 2 All ER (Comm) 97 Transworld Oil (USA) Inc v. Minos Cia Naviera SA, The Leni [1992] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 48 Trucks Spares Ltd v. Maritime Agencies (Southampton) Ltd [1951] 2 All ER 982, CA Tsakiroglou Co Ltd v. Noblee Thorl GmbH [1962] AC 93, HL Waren Import Gesellschaft Krohn Co v. International Graanhandel Thegra NV [1975] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 146 Yelo v. SM Machado Co Ltd [1952] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 183 Table of Statutes Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 Sale of Goods Act 1979

Declaration Of Originality Synopsis - 3027 Words

SAE Institute Glasgow Reflective Report Name: Thomas Gallagher Student number: 16985 Email address: gallsey_@msn.com Course code: ADHE0413 Lecturer: Omar Khan Submission for: BA/BSC Audio Production Submission Date: 29th August 2014 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that I wrote this essay on my own and without the use of any other than the cited sources and tools and all explanations that I copied directly or in their sense are marked as such, as well as that the dissertation has not yet been handed in neither in this nor in equal form at any other official commission. Signature: Date: Place: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Page 4 Overview Page 4 Backgound Page 4 THE PROCESS Page 5 Team roles†¦show more content†¦I also thought that we would work well together and would develop a good idea as a team. The members of the team had not worked together on such an extensive project together, although we did have some contact working on a previous assignment on the subject of feminism; however our working relationships essentially felt like they were starting a fresh. The business model we decided upon was based on providing a web application that allowed audio equipment shops, studios and audio professionals (collectively referred to as ‘service providers’ within the project) to advertise and sell their services to consumers. The business model is similar to that of ‘Just Eat’ or ‘eBay’ but designed and targeted at ‘audiophiles’, hence the name ‘WavePhile’.The concept for the business grew out of our initial idea to connect session musicians in local areas. However after the group discussed this we decided to include other services such as studio hire and equipment hire/sales as we realised that from a technical standpoint offering one of these features could be easily modified to include many. This would also offer us a unique selling point as although other applications offer similar services, none bring them together as one. Taking this into consideration, we were also conscious not to overcomplicate the design of the system during the process. We looked at ‘Reverbnation’ as an example of a systemShow MoreRelatedWorld Intellectual Property Organization ( Wipo ) Copyright1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthere much in the prior periods, the nature of these laws have been regional with the exception of some fundamental good values that one can observer to be found in verging on each human progress. Idea OF ORIGINALITY One of the essential and principal necessity of copyright is Originality. As talked about above, in view of the impacts of different elements that have influenced the jurisprudential advancement of copyrights, the necessity and desires from innovation have additionally been distinctiveRead MoreGuide to Writing Research Proposal and Thesis5636 Words   |  23 Pageschange as you prepare the proposal; it should become more refined until it is as specific as possible to the content that you will present. The abstract should follow the bibliographic information, that is, the title and author. The abstract is a synopsis or summary of the main points of your proposal and should clearly identify the problem or issue that your thesis research is designed to address, the objectives of your study and the research methods you are going to use. Chapter 1 IntroductionRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesinsufï ¬ cient information. 13. I like parties where I know most of the people more than ones where all or most of the people are complete strangers. 14. Teachers or supervisors who hand out vague assignments give one a chance to show initiative and originality. 15. The sooner we all acquire similar values and ideals the better. 16. A good teacher is one who makes you wonder about your way of looking at things. SOURCE: Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale, S. Budner (1962), â€Å"Intolerance of Ambiguity as a PersonalityRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesmanagement commitment means more than giving a blessing to the priority system; it means management will have to rank and weigh, in concrete terms, the objectives and strategies they believe to be most critical to the organization. This public declaration of commitment can be risky if the ranked objectives later prove to be poor choices, but setting the course for the organization is Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 47 FIGURE 2.6 Priority Analysis Must objectives